Improvement in furnaces and boiler-settings



T. R. BU'TMAN A FURNACE A ND BOILER SETTING.

N0f177467, .Patented May 16, 1876.

yNJERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHlNGTON. D. C.

Z Sheets-Sheet 2.

V T. R.,B.U TMAN. FURNACE AND BQILER SETTING.

Patented Mayl, 1876.

ILPERS, PHOT-LITHUGRIPHER. WASHiNGTQN, D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT THOMAS n. BUTMAN, OF MILAN, OHIO.

- IMPRVEMEN'I.' IN FURNACES AND BOILER-SETTINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. [77,467e dated May 16,1876; application filed March 16, 1s7c.

To all whom it may concern 4 Be it known that I, THOMAS R. BUTMAN, ofMilan, in the county of Erie and State of Ohio, have invented certainnew and useful Im provements in Furnaces and Boiler-Settings; and `I dohereby Vdeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art towhichit ap. pertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,which form a part of this specification.

'My invention is applicable to a variety of boilers, but I willillustrate it by means ofthe common cylindrical ue or tubular boiler andits objects are, iirst, the avoidance of blistering or burning theboiler where the -sediment or incrustation is well known to accumulate;second, the nearly perfect combustion of fuel by the introduction of theproper supply of oxygen, or what is well known as atmospheric air;third, the proper impingement `of the ame upon the sides of the boilerfourth, the disposition of the fuelin such a manner that all the.combustible gases will be consumed, and thereby the avoidance of smoke,and economy in fuel. y

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of a boilerand'furnace,-showing the division-plate in the hollow division-wall,and` also the heating pipe in the uptake. Fig. 2 is a cross -sectionthrough the smokebox, illust-rating the smoke box. part-ly broken away,and the two branches of the heatingpipe. Fig. 3 illustrates a horizontalcentral section, showing the concave side and the conical end detlector,by which the .heat is fiercely thrown back, and stron g im pact given tothe How, whereby it is made to impinge witligreater force upon the sidesand fines.l Fig. 4 shows a cross-section at the rear end of the boilerand setting, with the depending diaphragm or-partition G extending fromthe roof of the reverberatory chamber to the top, and extending downtheside of the boiler to a point below the water-line. This figure alsoillustrates the configuration of the concave sides of the dame-chamberin cross-section, and also the form of the reverberatory or dead chamberon upper sides or top of boiler, and back of pendent partition. Fig. 5illustrates section ofthe hollow perforated division-wall,

and the location of the separating-plate by which it is divided.

- I will now proceed to describe the nature f of the first feature of myinvention, viz., the

blistering or burning ot' a boiler where the sediment collects oraccumulates. As, for example, it is too often the case that theinterualdeposit is so extensive on the` plates acted on by the iiame that the Aheat cannot'reach the y water before burning theplates, as shown inFigs. 2 and 4, where the sediment settles mostly in a boiler. The efectof this deposit or incrustation on the heating-surfaces is that inproportion to the amount of solid matter accumulated, combined with thenon-conduct ive property, so will the evaporation .be retarded, and therelative plate exposed to the action of the ame be burned, so that twoevils are produced actually from one cause, viz., the burning of theboiler-plate, and the non-evaporation of steam. N ow, to remedy thisdefect is the object of the iirst feature of my invention.

In setting my boiler I locate a hollow wall, running longitudinally withthe length of the boiler. rIhis walldividesthefurnace-chamber orfire-box, and is provided at its sides with horizontal slits, throughwhich air is forced. The wall runs also up tothe bottom or centralvertical line of the boiler, and the slits arranged above the tirebed.

Now, the air may or may not beheated, but preferably heated beforeentering the wall or partition 5 but, if n ot, the air in most cases.will

be sufficiently heated by passing through the hollow wall'itself. Theair thus supplied to the hollow wall is forced out in thin. sheets overthe fuel, from both sides of. said wall,

toward the sides ofthe tire-box from the Vertical axis of the boiler,and, of course, away from the center or bottom, Where the sediment mostaccumulates, and, as a natural contains the most latent heat, which,Whenliber ated, becomes sensible heat. Oxygen is the gas of the greatestdensity, and, therefore, heavier than the other gases, and is the chiefgas in combustion, and causes flame. Hydrogen is the most inflammablegas, which, when added toV oxygen, increases the brilliancy 'of theflame or ignition.

Now, to properly distribute the above and other gases-whereby thebestafnity'is ef fected, and mingling of all the gases to promote thebest and most complete combustionis the objectof the second feature Iofmy invention. As before stated, and as will be'seen by reference to thedrawings, I place in combination two sets lof fire-bars, whichv are fed,chiefly, alternately. I then place my hollow wall between these two'setsof grates, and I also divide my ash-pit by a partition-Wall running andabut-ting against another partitionwall running crosswise the' furnaceash-pit'at right anglesto its sides. TheA upper hollow wall may becalled a hollow caloriiic plate, being provided with acentral'partition-plate. The-caloritic plate or wall is alsoprovidedwith slits, as before described, and the air, being supplied in therequired quantity, forces itself' through the slits or openings'abovethe incandescent fuel, and then mingles'with the gases and otherproducts of combustion, when an affinity at once takes place, and acomplete combustion of the wholeis produced. As' before stated, the airmay or may not be heated before entering the ca'loriic box or wall. Thusthe emission of smoke is prevented, the gases consumed, and intense heatthe result; also a large percentage in thc economy of fuel gained.

Having set forth the object and manner of uniting the most prominentcombustibles, I will now proceed to describe their action, as

produced by my arrangement, and embodies the third feature of myinvention The action of the flame relates to the opportunity of the heatto pass through the boiler-plate to enter the Water to generate steam,which, to accom-v plish in the best manner is that the ame 'must heat orcause an impact on the plate.

With the land-boilers'of th e Cornish type set in brick-work, the ameacts on the fines or bottom of the boiler in an'undulating manner,

and then returns through the flne's to the forward end. Now, theactionof the flame when passing through those fines is entirelydependent on their width, because if they are too wide the llame hasspace to undulate and glides Vlightly on the plate, and if they are toonarrow the ameis checked on its passage; but with proper width, which Ihave given by my concave sides and reverberatory top, the llame impingesat an angle upon the plate, and

therefore the heat has time-which is opportunityto enter through theWater upon all sides, except, perhaps, the bottom,'where the sedimentmost accumulates. The flame, on turning into the due, glides fiercely onthe plate, because it turns at right angles in its line of progressionby means of the back conical deflecting wall and thev pendent partitionover the rear end ofthe boiler,the common pittingor indentations beingthus avoided. The sediment portions of boiler not being subject tointense heat,the water takes'up, through the clean boiler-sheets, theheat to such an extent that the water ashes into steam, the dis'-placement causing great agitation of the wamay be desired, by whicharrangement the current of air entering at the lower part of thefurnaceor through the air-pipe, which I prefer to locate in the chimneyor uptake, passes' through the caloriiic 'plate or double hollow box,and thence between the fire and bridge,

and is thus so intensely heated as to'continuously produce the entirecombustion of the gaseous products of the fuel, and thus yprevent'theordinary formation of smoke. in effect, a double4 furnace, coniined tothe limits of, and economically applicable to, any common type of boiler5 has all the advantages of a hot-blast without the cost of anyypneumatic apparatus, if so desired 5 is so constructed uniformly todistribute and keep up the requisite combustion in boiler-furnaces; and,and while most effectually preventing' the annoyance of smoke, and theusual deposit of soot in the flues, it causesan average saving f of-alarge percentage in the quantity of fuel` consumed,and also admits ofthe substitution of the cheapest for that of the dearest quality. Now,to further explain my invention and theI nature thereof, so that thoseskilled in theA art vmay more readily understand it. I will referlmorein detail to the accompanying drawings,'and letters of reference markedthereon, and which indicate like parts invall the Iigures.

A, Fig. v1, exhibits'thehot-air pipe lo-` cated within the uptake orchimney, and by which the products of combustion escaping up chimney areutilized, and which is a great desideratum in the economy of fuel. Theend It is,

may be forced in a horizontal line from the` extreme bottom of boilerand against the concave sides, which, in their turn, deiiect the flamefiercely against the sides of the boiler, thereby making them :lick?said sides, while in so doing give up, in a great measure, their entireheat, and upon such portions of the boiler where the sediments do notaccumulate. P represents said concave sides; I may also here remark thatthese concave sides are made of tire-brick or any suitable or refractorymaterial; and when the iire is withdrawn the heat taken up during theoperation vof the furnace isreturned by these sides, and given oft'while the boiler is at rest or beingblown out, so that in the morning,when the, fire is started to resume work, the water in the boiler isnearly at boiling-point.

The rear conical deflector F and the reverberatory top also assist inmaking up the above results. rGr represents the pendent partition ordeiiector, the functions of which have been heretofore described. Drepresents the ash-pitpartitionwall, running back and abutting againstthe transverse wall L. The functions of this wall are' to govern thequantity of atmosphereic air which may be allowed to either of thefurnaces proper, and at the same time prevent cold air passing under theboiler back of the'bridge-Wall H. By this arangement Vthe fire may bemore or less intense in either furnace, and the gases of the fresh fuelof'one furnace subjected to and commingled with the hot gases of theother, and thus consumed. Nrepresents the back or secondary bridge-wall.This wall andpendent partitionwall,with conical defleetor F, performavery important office in the grand total, viz: the prevention of theflame above the water-line, and at the same time retaining the heat inthe reverberatory chamber formed on upper sides or top of boiler, whichserves as a superheater for the steam aswell as promoting itsgeueration. This chamber, formed by the elements above mentioned, also`bosoms the heat, the deilector throwing it back and with great force ofimpact against the end of the boiler, and into the return-lines.

Thus it will be seen that nearly all if not quite the entire heat of thefurnace is taken up and utilized, thereby saving a large percentage ofthe fuel now wasted.

Having now fully described my invention, and the mode of operating thesame, what I claim as new, and desire to secure'by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with one or more boilers, .of the caloriic hollowwall C, longitudinally arranged, whereby the intense heat is` preventedfrom burning the bottom of the boiler, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the hollow calorific wall C with the two sets ofgrates and the boiler, said wall being provided with horizontal slits,whereby the proper supply of air is so distributed that all thecombustible gases are consumed, substantially as described, and

vfor the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a'furnace, of the con- 'cave' side walls andconical deflecting end wall, substantially as described, and for thepurpose set forth.

4. .The combination of the pendent partition. G, the wall F, thesecondary bridge-Wall N, and the side walls, whereby the intense name isprevented from impinging upon the boiler above the water-line,.substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination of the division ash-pit wall D, the hollow caloriiicwall C, the crosswall H, with the double nre-grate of the furnace,substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

' 6.- The combinationof the hollow horizontalslitted caloric wall C, thehot-air pipe A, with the boiler, substantially as described.

7. The combination, in the boiler-furnaces, of the longitudinaldivision-wall l), and transverse wall H, forming the bridge-wall of thefurnace, and the cross-partition wall of the ashpit, whereby the coldair is prevented from passing under the boiler in the rear ofbridgewall, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The hollow slitted wall C, division ashpit wall l), boiler O, concaveside walls P, conical dei'lecting wall F,v pendent partition G, wall N,cross ash-pit wall H, and hot-air pipe A, combined and arranged tooperate in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aix my signature inpresence oftwo witnesses. l

' THOMAS R. BUTMAN.

Witnesses:

DANIEL BREED, FRED. G. DIETERIOH.

